admit He admitted stealing the ring.
agree They agreed to give him a try.
状语从句 时间状语从句 when, while和as when, while和as都有“当…时候”的意思。 There were fewer sandstorms when my grandparents were young. 我祖父母年轻时沙尘暴要少些。 While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. 米莉在睡觉时她的妈妈在看电视。 when和as既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间,其从句谓语动词标识的动作既可以是瞬时性的,也可以是延续性的; while指一段时间,其谓语动词必须是延续性的。 即:指一段时间时,when, while和as都可以用;指一个时间点时,只能用when或as,不能用while。 When/As he woke up, it was eight o’clock. (√) While he woke up, it was eight o’clock. (×) When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. (√) when引导的从句的谓语动作可以在主句的谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生,while和as引导的从句谓语动作必须是和主句位于动作同时发生。 when he finished his home work, he played the computer games for a while. 当他完成作业后,他玩了会儿电脑游戏。(finished先发生) When I got to the museum, the door was closed. 当我赶到博物馆时,大门已经关上了。(got to后发生) While/As I was sleeping, the telephone rang. 当我睡觉时,电话响了。(was sleeping和rang同时发生) 当主句、从句同时发生且从句动作为延续性动词时,when, while和as都可使用。 When/While/As she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. 当他在打电话时,我正在写一封电子邮件。(make为延续性动词) When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in. 当我们正在看书时,一位陌生人走了进来。(read为延续性动词) 强调两个动作同时进行,常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。如: They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 当我们在爬山时,他们在划船。 强调某个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行,常用“一般过去时+while+过去进行时”如: It began to rain heavily while we were having dinner.我们在吃晚饭时,开始下起大雨。 强调某个动作正在进行时,另一个动作突然发生,常用“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。如: I was walking in the street when he called me.我正在街上走时,他突然喊我。 当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用as。这时,as有“随着…”;“一边…,一边…”之意。 As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger. 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越强了。 The little grils sang as they played. 小姑娘们一边玩一边唱。
1. 被动语态的构成及其用法 1.1. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构:Be + 动词的过去分词 各种时态的主动、被动语态结构 1.2. 被动语态的用法 被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况。 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 The window was broken yesterday. 窗户昨天被打坏了。 2.动作的执行者不言自明或为泛指。 Many tall buildings are built in our city every year. 每年在我们的城市会修建许多高楼。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 English is taught in our school. 我们学校教授英语。 4.动作的发出者不是人。 Most of the houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 在地震中许多房屋被毁坏。 5.出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者。 This problem was talked about just now. 这个问题刚才被讨论过。 1.3. 主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.3.1. 主动语态变被动语态 1.要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语成分。如果主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格改为主格。 2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变为宾格代词,并由by引导。 3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 We asked him to sing an English song. 我们要他唱一首英文歌曲。 →He was asked to sing an English song by us. 他被我们要求唱一首英文歌曲。 1.3.2. 带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加个介词to或for。 1.3.3. 动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和其他此构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。注意:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 We should take good care of the children. 我们应该照料好孩子。 →The children should be taken good care of. 孩子们应该被照料好。(of不可被省略) 1.3.4. 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。这种情况下,变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。 I saw some boys playing football in the playground. 我看到一些男孩在操场上踢足球。 →Some boys were seen playing football in the playground. 一些男孩被看见在操场上踢足球。 1.3.5. 被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中的感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice等以及使役动词let, make, have等,后跟省略to的不定式作宾补,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。 The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day. 那个老板迫使工人们每天工作12小时。 →The workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss. 工人们被老板强迫每天工作12小时。 We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. 我们经常听见那个女孩晚上在她的房间唱歌。 →The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening (by us). 那个女孩晚上经常被(我们)听到在她的房间里唱歌。 1.3.6. 主动语态含有被动意义 有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如:系动词smell, taste, sound, feel等。 The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。 The music sounds nice. 这段音乐听起来不错。 还有一些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和well, easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。如:read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean等。 The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺滑
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