一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）
一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）
过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense） 过去进行时的功能 过去的连续描述了此前一段时间内的行动或事件。这些行动或事件始于过去，并且在发言时仍在继续。换句话说，它表达了过去未完成或不完整的行动。 它用于： 通常，用过去时态描述故事中的背景。例如： “The sun was shining and the birds were singing as the elephant came out of the jungle. The other animals were relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant moved very quickly. She was looking for her baby, and she didn’t notice the hunter who was watching her through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was running towards the river…” 描述被另一事件或动作打断的未完成动作。例如： “I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.” 表达改变主意。例如： “I was going to spend the day at the beach but I’ve decided to get my homework done instead.” 与单词”wonder“连用，是提出要求时使用的敬语。例如： “I was wondering if you could baby-sit for me tonight.” EXAMPLES They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened. Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg. When we arrived he was having a bath. When the fire started I was watching television. 过去进行时的构成 过去进行时的构成包含两个部分：be动词的过去式（was、were），以及主动词的ing形式。 Subject was/were verb + ing They were watching 肯定句 She was reading 否定句 She wasn’t reading 疑问句 Was she reading? 否定疑问句 wasn’t she reading? 用play的过去进行时造句。 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 I was playing I was not playing Was I playing? You were playing You were not playing Were you playing? He was playing He wasn’t playing Was he playing? We were playing We weren’t playing Were we playing? They were playing They weren’t playing Were they playing? 不用于进行时的词 知觉 看法 心理状态 feel* assume forget hear believe imagine see* consider know smell doubt mean taste feel notice find recognise think* remember understand 情绪/欲望 度量衡 其他 envy contain look fear cost seem dislike hold be (在多数情况下) hate measure have (作“拥有”解释时) love weigh prefer wish want When, While, as 这三个词，均有“当 … 的时候”的意思。 When和as既可以指某一时间点，也可以指一段时间；While则指一段时间。 因此，短暂性动词只能用When和as，而不能用while。 When/As he woke up, it was 8 o'clock. While I was waiting for a bus, I met her. When引导的从句的谓语动作，可以在主谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；While和as引导的从句的谓语动作，必须和主谓语动作同时发生。 When he finished his homework, he played the game for a while. 他在完成作业之后玩游戏 When I go to the museum, the door was closed. 在我到达之前，就已经关门了 While I was sleeping, the telephone rang. 我睡觉的同时，电话铃响了 当主语、从句同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动作时，三者皆可使用。 When/While/As she was makeing a phone call, I was writing a Email. 强调两个动作同时进行，常用“过去进行时 + while + 过去进行时”结构。 They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 强调某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，常用“一般过去时 + while + 过去进行时”结构。 It began to rain heavily while we were having dinner. 强调某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，常用“过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时”结构。 I was walking in the street when he called me. 当主句、从句同时发生，且从句时间淡化，作“一边…一边”解时，只能用as。 I woke up as the sun was rising.
现在进行时（PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE） 任何动词的现在进行时形态，都包含两个部分：be动词 + 主动词的现在分词 现在分词的构词方法
一般现在时(Simple present tense) 动词be的一般现在时 我们常用动词be的一般现在时谈论事实和状态。 e.g.I am from China. He is 12 years old. We are happy. 主语可以是人称代词，也可以是名词。动词be要与前面的主语一致。 主语可以是代词，在非正式行文中，动词be与前面的主语可以缩写。如：I am = I’m等。 e.g.The little dog is very cute. These apples are big and red. 动词be的一般现在时的否定句式，是在be动词后面加not。 e.g.She is not tall. They are not in the classroom. 在非正式行文中，动词is/are可与not缩写。 动词be一般现在时的一般疑问句，是将be提前至句首。 e.g.-Are you in Grade 7? -Yes, I am. 行为动词的一般现在时 我们用一般现在时谈论我们经常做的事、爱好、能力以及客观事实： 这时我们常使用行为动词。这种动词有实际的、具体的含义。 e.g.They are hard-working students. (be动词表述) They work hard.(行为动词表述) 我们用一般现在时提供说明或指示： Open your books to page 17. 进入高中阶段后，我们会使用连词如：after, when, before, as soon as, until来引导从句，以表述一些将来发生的事情。 在这些从句中，我们也会使用一般现在时。 We’ll give it to her when she arrives. 行为动词的一般现在时可以用于以下情况： 用法 例句 经常性习惯性的动作 It rains every afternoon. 能力 She runs very fast. 客观事实 Fish live in water. 爱好 I smoke 固定安排 Our holiday starts on the 26th March 主语人称和数的不同，行为动词一般现在时有两种形式： 当主语时第一、第二人称及第三人称复数时，行为动词使用原形。 当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词使用第三人称单数形式。 构成方法如下： 规则 举例 读音变化 大多数动词加s make -> makes 清辅音后s读/s/. live -> lives 浊辅音后s读/z/. 以ch, sh, ss或x结 teach -> teaches es读作/iz/ 尾的动词后加es fix -> fixes 以辅音字母加y结尾 carry -> carries es读作/z/ 的动词，去y加ies cry -> cries ies合起来读作/iz/ 辅音字母加o结尾+es go -> goes es读作/iz/ 特殊变化 have -> has 行为动词一般现在时的疑问句式是在句首添加助动词do或does。 行为动词一般现在时的否定句式是在主语后添加do not或does not。 当主语是第三人称单数时，用does。 *在疑问句和否定句后，does后面的行为动词使用原形。 -Do you play basketball after school? -Yes, I do. -Does John speak Chinese? -No, he doesn’t. 区分行为动词do和助动词do的用法： I do not do housework on Saturday. Do you do housework on Saturday? 第一个do是助动词，第二个do是行为动词。
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